倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装（full inversion）；而只将be 、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装（partial inversion）。

形式倒装：只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装

形式倒装有四类：

   （1）感叹句：What + a/an + adj +n.+(主语+谓语)！

                          How + adj /adv.+(主语+谓语)！

   （2）The+比较级+正常语序句子，The+比较级+正常语序句子。“越……，越……。”

   （3）Whatever+n.+主语+谓语，主句。

            However+ adj/adv+主语+谓语，主句。

   （4）As/Although引导让步状语从句时，可以对表语、谓语、状语进行强调。

          （注意：若对表语进行强调时，表语为单数可数名词，形容词最高级时，要省掉冠词）

一、完全倒装

1. There be结构。另外，在此结构中可用来代替be动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。

例：There stood a dog before him.

                   There exist different opinions on this question.

2. 在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。

例：Here comes the old lady!

                   Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

如果主语是人称代词，就不用倒装。

例：Here you are.

                   There she comes.

表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。

例：In came Mr. White.

　                Up went the arrow into the air.

　                Away went the boy.

当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。

例：At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.

The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag.

East of the lake lie two towns.

3. "分词(代词) + be + 主语" 结构。

例：Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.

                   Such was the story he told me.

二、部分倒装

部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。

1. 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。

这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少，不常）, rarely（很少，罕有）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）, no sooner（立即）, not only, in no way（决不）, at no time, few, not, no等。

例：Not a word did I say to him.

  Never have I found him so happy.

              Little does he care about what I said.

              I can't swim. Neither can he.

              No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.

2. only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。

例：Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)

            Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)

            Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)

3. so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。

例：I saw the film, so did she.

          So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

4. "Not only + 分句,but also + 分句"句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。但not only...but also...连接主语时，不倒装。

例：Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.

  Not only the mother but also the children are sick.

5. Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。

例：Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句)

Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句)

6. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。

  例：Many a time has John given me good advice.
    Often have we made that test.

7. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。
   例：May you succeed!

        Long live the People’s Republic of China!

Not only…，but also…引导的并列句。 not only位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如：Not until＋状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。

例：Only when he told me did I know it．

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted．

No sooner…than…，Hardly／Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。

例：No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain．

代表Neither…nor…所引导的并列句。2N若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后也倒”。
例：Neither do I know her name，nor does he.

No matter…引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均不倒”。

例：No matter how busy he is，he always comes to help us．